Researching skin cancer often brings up an entire new vocabulary of scientific terms that can be challenging to understand. When reading about how skin cells become cancerous, you may be asking yourself, “what are metaplasia and dysplasia?” We’re breaking down the differences between metaplasia vs. dysplasia in this guide.

What is Metaplasia? 

Metaplasia refers to the process of cells transforming from one differentiated cell type to another, effectively changing the cell from its original state into a new one. When cells are faced with conditions or stressors that are outside their norm, they are forced to adapt, taking on a new form in hopes of being better suited for the challenge. If the stressor is eliminated, the cells may be able to return to their normal patterns. 

In relation to skin cancer, an example of a stressor would be overexposure to UV rays. Prolonged sunlight exposure causes skin cells to speed up their reproduction rate, which can lead to unwanted lesions or sores. Proper sun skin care such as applying sunscreen or wearing protective clothing can reduce the harmful effects of this stressor. 

Metaplasia is not considered cancerous and is categorized as a premalignant condition. If left unnoticed or untreated, though, it can be a precursor to cancer. 

Is Metaplasia Reversible?

In some situations, metaplasia can be reversible if the underlying trigger (for example, UV damage or long-term irritation) is removed. That’s one reason GentleCure emphasizes reducing UV exposure and keeping up with routine skin checks to catch concerning changes early.

What is Dysplasia? 

While dysplasia also involves cell transformation, comparing metaplasia vs. dysplasia shows there are some key differences. Metaplasia is brought on by external environmental stressors, whereas dysplasia involves abnormal cell development caused by internal issues. Dysplasia occurs during a breakdown of existing cell tissue that loses its uniformity and structure. 

Picture dysplasia in skin cells like building blocks. They all need to work together in order to keep the structure intact, but if a few of the blocks degrade or fall away, the structure begins to crumble and transform into a pile. 

Dysplasia has a higher chance of leading to cancer than metaplasia. 

Is Dysplasia Reversible?

Unlike metaplasia, dysplasia is generally not reversible. Because dysplastic cells are already structurally abnormal, dermatologists focus on close monitoring and timely treatment to prevent progression.

The Differences Between Metaplasia and Dysplasia 

When comparing metaplasia vs. dysplasia, here are the major takeaways: 

• Metaplasia: Transforms a cell from one form to another; caused by external stimulus; can be reversible; less likely to lead to cancer
• Dysplasia: Transforms a cell into an abnormal version of itself; caused by internal stimulus; is not reversible; more likely to lead to cancer 

Regardless if you’ve experienced metaplasia or dysplasia, it’s important to stay on top of major changes in your skin’s appearance. Abnormal skin cells can lead to skin cancer, and early detection is the best line of defense. 

Squamous Metaplasia 

Squamous metaplasia happens when normal cells in an area are replaced by tougher squamous cells, usually because of long-term irritation. This change isn’t cancer by itself, but if the irritation continues, it can sometimes lead to abnormal cell growth. That’s why it’s important to identify and reduce any causes of irritation and get checked by a doctor if you notice changes.

Metaplasia vs Dysplasia (At-a-Glance)

• Metaplasia: Adaptive cell change in response to stress; can be reversible.
• Dysplasia: Disorganized, abnormal cell growth with higher cancer risk

This progression highlights why early detection and treatment are critical to reducing cancer risk.

Learn More About Your Common Skin Cancer Treatment Options

Now that you know what is metaplasia and dysplasia, continue your learning by discovering GentleCure™ / Image-Guided SRT, the surgery-free treatment method for common skin cancer. Learn how it works. Call 855-936-4411 to connect with a Skin Cancer Information Specialist today.